The mid-career peak: Demographic determinants of knowledge generation in Philippine higher education institutions
Rochell R. Petil, Myra Luz M. Homillano & Ludivico B. Homillano
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between knowledge-generation practices and demographic characteristics among 123 employees (71 teaching, 52 non-teaching) at a Philippine state university, using stratified sampling. Validated questionnaires were used to gather information on gender, age, education level, and work experience. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data at the P = 0.05 significance level. The findings indicated that non-teaching employees were usually 47 to 57 years old, with bachelor's degrees and 11 to 20 years of experience, whereas teaching employees were mainly 36 to 46 years old, with master's degrees and more than 21 years of experience. There was no discernible difference in knowledge generation between teaching (Median = 4.00) and non-teaching employees (Median = 4.25), with P = 0.77 in the Mann-Whitney test. According to the Kruskal-Wallis test, younger employees (25–35 years old) scored higher in knowledge generation, and age approached significance (P = 0.07). Employees with 3–5 and 6–10 years of experience showed significantly higher levels of knowledge generation (P = 0.015), but no significant differences were found for education level (P = 0.51). The study concludes that, by developing knowledge management frameworks that enhance organizational effectiveness and sustainability, higher education institutions should develop focused strategies to improve knowledge generation across diverse workforces. The results support the development of experience-differentiated knowledge management techniques. Longitudinal patterns and cross-institutional comparisons should be investigated in future studies.
Keywords
knowledge management, teaching employees, non-teaching employees, HEIs
Author information & Contribution
Rochell R. Petil. Corresponding author. Master of Distance Education (Ongoing). Administrative Aide VI, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture. Email: rochell.petil@cbsua.edu.ph
Myra Luz M. Homillano. Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Foundations. Associate Professor V, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture. Email: myraluz.homillano@cbsua.edu.ph
Ludivico B. Homillano. Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership and Management. Associate Professor V, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture. Email: ludivico.homillano@cbsua.edu.ph
"Author 1 and Author 2 conceptualized and finalized the research framework. All authors drafted and revised the manuscript. Author 2 and Author 3 gathered, analyzed and interpreted the data. All authors contributed to the writing of the final version of the manuscript."
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
This work was not supported by any funding.
Declaration
The author declares the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in writing this paper. In particular, the author used Claude Sonnet 4.6 in searching appropriate literature, summarizing key points and paraphrasing ideas and Grammarly in checking and proofreading of grammar. The author takes full responsibility in ensuring proper review and editing of content generated using AI.
Notes
This paper has been presented at the International Conference on Management, Education & Innovation. This paper was first published in Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies.
Acknowledgement
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Cite this article:
Petil, R.R., Homillano, M.L.M. & Homillano, L.B. (2026). The mid-career peak: Demographic determinants of knowledge generation in Philippine higher education institutions. Management, Education & Innovation Review, 3(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.53378/meir.201
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