Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated
Register in
IJSTEM Cover Page
International Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

ISSN 2799-1601 (Print) 2799-161X (Online)

H-index: 7
ICV: 87.82

Development and evaluation of an Arduino-based multi-sensor aquaculture water quality monitoring kit

Izza Amiel P. Calajate, Trixie A. Babala, Ayume L. Paulite, Maria Hanna Isabelle V. Lagrisola, Althea Marie D. Aguilan, Daryll Z. Dela Pasion, Cedric Jay A. De Vera, Godwin Andrei C. Cruz, Clven Louis V. Factor, Jazmine Pia L. Templonuevo, Zarah M. Lamzaghi, Kenneth Gabriel Z. Riñon & Jonathan A. De los Santos
Volume 4 Issue 3, September 2024

Fish farmers struggle with the problem of fish mortality due to climate change, poisoning, and bad water quality. Estimates on the mortality of fishes ranges from 60% to 80% depending on the type of fish. Traditional approaches in monitoring the quality of water such as observation or laboratory testing prove to be costly and time-consuming. This study aims to develop a portable water quality monitoring kit for fish farms. The device allows users to monitor the water's dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, total dissolved solids, turbidity, temperature, and pH level. It is powered by a rechargeable battery, uses an Arduino microcontroller, and has a real-time alert system. The device's limitations include the battery life and the sensors will need to be recalibrated at least monthly to ensure the accuracy of the readings. However, the results show that the implementation of the device garnered high acceptability in all parameters in the evaluation with a total mean rating of 4.66. This implies that the device can be used in monitoring the water quality in aquaculture sectors as corroborated by the respondent's evaluation. It is recommended to enhance the device by adding more water quality sensors and integrating Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities to further improve its functionality and reliability.

aquaculture, Arduino, water quality monitoring, sensors, real-time alerts

Ahmed, U., Mumtaz, R., Anwar, H., Mumtaz, S., & Qamar, A.M. (2019). Water quality monitoring: from conventional to emerging technologies. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 20 (1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.144

Alfiqri, F. (2022). Microcontroller-based water quality monitoring system implementation. Brilliance, 2 (2), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.47709/brilliance.v2i2.1544

Alison (2022). Aquaculture sensors for fish farming, water quality sensors. Edinburgh Sensors. https://edinburghsensors.com/news-and-events/water-quality-in-fish-farming/

Angeles, L.J. (2019). Seasonal fish kill incident leaves thousands of unprofitable commodity fish in Laguna de Bay. University of the Philippines Diliman. https://rb.gy/a4599f

Baleta, F.N., Bolaños, J.M. & Medrano, W.C. (2019). Assessment of tilapia cage farming practices in relation to the occurrence of fish mortality along the fish cage belt at Magat Reservoir, Philippines. Journal of Fisheries and Environment, 43 (2). https://fish.ku.ac.th/pdf/Journal%20vol.43%20(2)/vol.43%20(2)-1.pdf

Bhandari, P. (2023). What is quantitative research? Definition, uses & methods. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quantitative-research/

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (2020).  Philippine fisheries profile. https://www.bfar.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2020-Fisheries-Profile-Final.pdf

Campana, N.  (2022).             What does a research engineer dohttps://www.freelancermap.com/blog/what-does-research-engineer-do/

Chaudhari (2021).       What is a true experimental design? Voxco. https://www.voxco.com/blog/true-experimental-design/

Cline, D. (2019). Water quality in aquaculture- freshwater aquaculture. Freshwater Aquaculture. https://freshwater-aquaculture.extension.org/water-quality-in-aquaculture/

Cruz, R.A.L., Kumar, V., & Ragaza, J. (2019). Some current trends and challenges in Philippine aquaculture, with an emphasis on synergies with biodiversity initiatives (pp. 35-42). World Aquaculture. https://archium.ateneo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=biology-faculty-pubs

Endut. N.A., Fo’ad, M.F.M., Azam, N.A.A., Othman, N.A.A., Abdul Aziz, S.R. & Abdullah Sani, A.S. (2019). Real-time water monitoring system for fish farmer using Arduino. Journal of Advanced Research in Computing and Applications, 14(1), 10-17.

FAO (2022). The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0461en

Fiorini, P.D., Seles, B.M.R., Jabbour, C.J.C., Mariano, E.B. & Jabbour, A.B.L. (2018). Management theory and big data literature: From a review to a research agenda. International Journal of Information Management, 43, 112-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.07.005

Freshwater-Aquaculture (2019). Water quality in aquaculture – freshwater aquaculture. https://freshwater-aquaculture.extension.org/water-quality-in-aquaculture

Garlock, T., Asche, F., Anderson, J., Ceballos-Concha, A., Love, D.C., Osmundsen, T.C. &  Pincinato, R.B.M. (2022). Aquaculture: The missing contributor in the food security agenda. Global Food Security, 32, 100620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2022.100620

Gomes, G. & Domingos, J. (2022). Water quality: The key to producing more fish sustainably. https://www.sfa.gov.sg/food-for-thought/article/detail/water-quality-the-key-to-producing-more-fish-sustainably

Guerrero, R.D., Rasco, E.T., & Aliño, P.M. (2023). Developing Philippine coastal and oceanic aquaculture for food security and livelihoods generation. Transactions National Academy of Science & Technology Philippines, 40(2), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2018.1082

Guerrero, R.D., & Fernandez, P.R. (2018). Aquaculture and water quality management in the Philippines. In: Rola, A., Pulhin, J., Arcala Hall, R. (eds) Water Policy in the Philippines. Global Issues in Water Policy, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70969-7_7

Hakimi, M. & Jamil, Z. (2021). Development of water quality monitoring device using Arduino UNO. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1144 (1), 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1144/1/012064

Harun, Z., Reda, E. & Hashim. H. (2018). Real time fish pond monitoring and automation using Arduino. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and Engineering, 340, 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/340/1/012014

Islam, M.M., Kashem, M.A., Alyami, S.A. & Moni, M.A. (2023). Monitoring water quality metrics of ponds with IoT sensors and machine learning to predict fish species survival. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 102, 104930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2023.104930

Jagdish (2023).           Milkfish           farming   in the    Philippines:   a   comprehensive   guide. https://www.asiafarming.com/milkfish-farming-in-the-philippines-a-comprehensive-guide

Jan, F., Min-Allah, N. & Düştegör, D. (2021). IoT-based smart water quality Monitoring: recent techniques, trends, and challenges for domestic applications. Water, 13 (13), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131729

Jones, Q. (2022). What is environmental monitoring? https://www.digi.com/blog/post/what-is-environmental-monitoring

Kumar. S.S., Subba Rao, B.V. & Prasad, J.R. (2022). Design and development of a water quality monitoring system by using IoT. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, 8 (9) http://www.warse.org/IJETER/static/pdf/file/ijeter245892020.pdf

Masood, Z., Hasan, Z., Gula, H., Zahid, H., Hassan, H.U., Sultane, R., Khan, W., Safia, Titush, K. & Ullah, A. (2023). Monitoring pond water quality to improve the production of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) in Bannu Fish Hatchery of Bannu district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province; An Implications for artificial fish culture. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245197

Molato, M.R.D. (2022). AquaStat: An Arduino-based water quality monitoring device for fish kill prevention in tilapia aquaculture using fuzzy logic. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 13 (2). https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0130265

Moses, M. (2023). Factor affecting fish farming: water parameters and pre-stocking management. https://www.bivatec.com/blog/required-parameters-for-water-quality-management

Nair, N.V. & Nayak, P.K. (2023). Exploring water quality as a determinant of small-scale fisheries vulnerability. Sustainability, 15, 13238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713238

Natividad, A.N., Miranda, C., Valdoria, J.C. & Balubal, D. (2023). An IOT-based pH level monitoring mobile application on fishponds using a pH sensor and waterproof temperature sensor. Journal for Educators, Teachers, and Trainers, 14 (3) https://doi.org/10.47750/jett.2023.14.03.091

Ortega, R.C. (2021). Trends in the major       aquaculture food fish production in the    Philippines. https://www.fao.org/fishery/ru/openasfa/85a2ca04-ccd3-43c6-99ae-99c49a49981d

Paul, B. (2018). Sensor-based water quality monitoring system. Thesis. http://hdl.handle.net/10361/10840

Prabu, E., Rajagopalsamy, C.B.T., Ahilan, B., Jeevagan, I.J.M.A. & Renuhadevi, M. (2019). Tilapia – an excellent candidate species for world aquaculture: A review. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 31 (3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2019/v31i330052

Rebollido, R.  (2023). Fish kill hits Lake Sebu, tilapia raisers lose P10M. https://www.rappler.com/nation/mindanao/fish-kill-lake-sebu-tilapia-raisers-lose-millions-january-2023/?fbclid=IwAR3Bxp6s9s1B8tSwAJayUi4f3QV08HQYnC6DYRYPjtDSe80d3AIkeAuqlmk

Rekha, P., Sumathi, K., Samyuktha, S., Saranya, A., Tharunya, G., & Prabhaet, R. (2020). Sensor-based waste water monitoring for agriculture using IoT. International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, 436-439. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCS48705.2020.9074292

Sallenave, R. (2019). Understanding water quality parameters to better manage your pond. https://pubs.nmsu.edu/_w/W104/index.html

Saritha, G., Ishwarya, R., Saravanan, T., Saye Sudarshana, P.A. & Sowmiya, S. (2023). Water monitoring system using IoT. Eighth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM), 1-5 https://doi.org/10.1109/ICONSTEM56934.2023.10142890

Schmidt, W., Raymond, D., Parish, D., Ashton, I.G.C., Miller, P.I., Campos, C.J.A. & Shutler, J.D. (2018). Design and operation of a low-cost and compact autonomous buoy system for use in coastal aquaculture and water quality monitoring. Aquacultural Engineering, 80, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2017.12.002

Simarro, C. & Couso, D. (2021). Engineering practices as a framework for STEM education: a proposal based on epistemic nuances. International Journal of STEM Education, 8 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-021-00310-2

Sirisilla, S.  (2023). Bridging the gap: Overcome these 7 flaws in descriptive research design. Enago Academy. https://www.enago.com/academy/descriptive-research-design/

Soriano, V.A. (2022). Aquaculture production in the Philippines. https://www.veterinariadigital.com/en/articulos/aquaculture-production-in-the-philippine

Sphera. (2022). What is environmental sustainability? https://sphera.com/glossary/what-is-environmental-sustainability/

Su, X., Sutarlie, L. & Loh, X.J. (2020). Sensors, biosensors, and analytical technologies for aquaculture water quality. Research, 2020. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/8272705

Tahiluddin, A.B. & Terzi, E. (2021). An overview of fisheries and aquaculture in the Philippines. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 6 (4), 475-486. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.944292

Taylor, S.    (2023).     Weighted mean.                     Corporate              Finance                    Institute.  https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/data-science/weighted-mean/

Thomas, B. (2022). The role of purposive sampling technique as a tool for informal choices in a social science research methods. Just Agriculture Multidisciplinary E-Newsletter, 2 (5). https://www.scirp.org/reference/referencespapers?referenceid=3503967

Towers, L.  (2021). Water quality: a priority for successful aquaculture. The Fish Site. https://thefishsite.com/articles/water-quality-a-priority-for-successful-aquaculture

Velarde, J. (2020). Why is engineering important in STEM? STEMCadia.          https://stemcadia.com/why-is-engineering-important

Wang, C., Li, Z., Wang, T., Xu, X., Zhang, X. & Li, D. (2021). Intelligent fish farm—the future of aquaculture. Aquaculture International, 29 (6), 2681–2711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00773-8

White, P.G., Shipton, T.A. Bueno, P.B. & Hasan, M.R. (2018). Better management practices for feed production and management of Nile tilapia and milkfish in the Philippines. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.

Xing, Q., An, D., Zheng, X., Wei, Z., Wang, X., Li, L., Tian, L. & Chen, J. (2019). Monitoring seaweed aquaculture in the Yellow Sea with multiple sensors for managing the disaster of macroalgal blooms. Remote Sensing of Environment, 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111279

Ya’acob, N., Dzulkefli, N.N.S.N., Yusof, A.L., Kassim, M., Naim, N.F. & Aris, S.S.M. (2021). Water quality monitoring system for fisheries using Internet of Things (IoT). IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1176. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1176/1/012016

Izza Amiel P. Calajate. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Trixie A. Babala. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Ayume L. Paulite. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Maria Hanna Isabelle V. Lagrisola. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Althea Marie D. Aguilan. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Daryll Z. Dela Pasion. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Cedric Jay A. De Vera. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Godwin Andrei C. Cruz. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Clven Louis V. Factor. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Jazmine Pia L. Templonuevo. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Zarah M. Lamzaghi. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Kenneth Gabriel Z. Riñon. Undergraduate Student, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte
Jonathan A. De los Santos. Corresponding author. Master of Arts in Education, Teacher IV, Mabini Colleges, Incorporated, Daet, Camarines Norte. Email: jonathandelossantos@mabinicolleges.edu.ph

Cite this article:

Calajate, I.A.P., Babala, T.A., Paulite, A.L., Lagrisola, M.I.V., Aguilan, A.M.D., Dela Pasion, D.Z., De Vera, C.J.A., Cruz, G.A.C., Factor, C.L.V., Templonuevo, J.P.L., Lamzaghi, Z.M., Riñon, K.G.Z. & De los Santos, J.A. (2024). Development and evaluation of an arduino-based multi-sensor aquaculture water quality monitoring kit. International Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, 4(3), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.53378/ijstem.353080

License:

ai generated, holographic, interface-8578468.jpg
library, people, study-2245807.jpg
bookshelf, books, library-2907964.jpg
Scroll to Top