Corruption and maladministration at public universities in South Africa have severely eroded public trust, posing a threat to the very foundations of these institutions. This paper addresses the issue on restoring academic freedom and institutional autonomy while universities regain their credibility and status within the community. Using qualitative methodology, a secondary thematic analysis of literature and interview was followed. Five prominent leaders at public higher education institutions were interviewed. The findings shed light on strategies for institutions to adopt to rebuild stakeholder confidence. The data indicated that institutions of higher learning could rebuild trust by increasing transparency and accountability to the public and engaging with their surrounding communities through various community engagement activities. By prioritising transparency, fostering accountability, and actively engaging with their communities, public institutions of higher learning can reclaim their status as revered institutions and ensure their vital contributions to society are duly recognised and valued.
academic freedom, institutional autonomy, community engagement, credibility, universities’ reason for existence
Aithal, P. S., & Kumar, P. M. (2019). Autonomy in higher education – Towards an accountability management model. Scholedge International Journal of Management & Development, 6, 166-175.
Anderson, R.L. (2022). Nietzschean autonomy and the meaning of the “sovereign individual”. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. 105, 362– 384. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12824
Altbach, P. G. (2007). Academic freedom in a global context: 21st century challenges. The NEA 2007 Almanac of Higher Education.
Barber, M., Donnelly, K., & Rizvi, S. (2013). An avalanche is coming: Higher education and the revolution ahead. London: Institute of Public Policy Research.
Bergan, S., Gallagher, T., & Harkavy, I. (2020). Academic freedom, institutional autonomy, and the future of democracy. Council of Europe Publishing. http://book.coe.int
Bucholc, M. (2022). Academic freedom in Poland. In: University Autonomy Decline (First ed., pp. 119-146). Routledge.
Chantler, A. (2016). The ivory tower revisited. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 37(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2014.963517
Cortright, J. (2008). The city dividends: How cities gain by making small improvements in metropolitan Universities as anchor institutions in place-based development performance. Chicago, IL: CEOs for Cities.
Davids, N. (2021). Academic freedom and the fallacy of a post-truth era. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 53(11), 1183-1193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2021.1917363
Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2024). Universities in South Africa. https://www.dhet.gov.za/SitePages/UniversitiesinSA.aspx
Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET). (2023). Revised annual performance plan 2023/24. https://www.dpme.gov.za/publications/Strategic%20Plan%20and%20Annual%20Reports/DPME%20Annual%20Performance%20Plan%202023_2024.pdf
Du Toit, A. (2000). From autonomy to accountability: Academic freedom under threat in South Africa? Social Dynamics, 26:1, 76-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/0253395000845868
Fengu, M. (2023). Aggrieved Unisa staff and students question judicial decisions and controversial honorary doctorates. Daily Maverick.
Fonga, S. (2023). Universities as anchor institutions in place-based development: Implications for South African universities engagement. South African Journal of Higher Education, 37(1), 92-112. https://doi.org/10.20853/37-1-5693
Hasan, M., & Ahasan, N. (2022). Academic freedom in Bangladesh. In: University Autonomy Decline (1st ed., pp. 38-63). Routledge.
Higgins, J. (2000) Academic freedom in the new South Africa. Boundary 2: International Journal of Literature and Culture, 27(1), 97-119.
Hughes, K., Hughes, J. & Tarrant, A. (2020). Re-approaching interview data through qualitative secondary analysis: interviews with internet gamblers. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 23(5), 565-579. https://doi.org/10.1080/1345579.2020.1766759
Hünler, O. S. (2022). Academic freedom in Turkey. In: University Autonomy Decline (First ed., pp. 147-174). Routledge.
Ip, A., Muller, I., Geraghty, A.W.A., McNiven, A., Little, P. & Santer, M. (2020). Young people’s perceptions of acne and acne treatments: secondary analysis of qualitative interview data. British Journal of Dermatology, 183, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18684
Jack, P. (2023a). Corruption fight goes on, says v-c after ‘assassination attempt’. Times Higher Education.
Jack, P. (2023b). Are South African universities falling? Times Higher Education.
Jansen, J.D. (2023). Corrupted: A study of chronic dysfunction in South African universities. Wits University Press. https://doi.org/10.18772/12023037946
Jansen, J. (2024). Degrees of disarray – South African universities becoming lost in grapples with governance crises. Daily Maverick.
Jayal, N. G. (2022). Academic freedom in India. In: University Autonomy Decline (First ed., pp. 64-91). Routledge.
Kaya, H. O. (2006). Academic freedom, institutional autonomy and the search for relevancy in higher education in South Africa. Council on Higher Education. Regional Forum on Government Involvement in Higher Education.
Keet, A. (2023). Engagement: Universities should ‘get their hands dirty’. University World News: Africa Edition.
Klaus D. Beiter, Terence Karran, and Kwadwo Appiagyei-Atua, (2016). Measuring’ the erosion of academic freedom as an international human right: A report on the legal protection of academic freedom in Europe. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 49(3), 597–691.
Kori, E. (2016). Challenges to academic freedom and institutional autonomy in South African universities. International Journal of Teaching and Education, 4(1), 45–53. https://doi.org/10.20472/TE.2016.4.1.004
Lange, L. (2013). Academic Freedom: Revisiting the debate. Kagisano, 8, 57 -75.
Levine, P. & Smith, L. (2022). Protecting academic freedom in Australian higher education through the imposition of restrictions on investigatory suspension. Monash University Law Review, 24 – 59. https://doi.org/10.26180/20364201.v1
Lyer, K.R. & Suba, A. (2019). Closing academic space: Repressive state practices in legislative, regulatory and other restrictions on higher education institutions. International Centre for Not-for-Profit Law, Washington, D.C.
Lyer, K.R., Saliba, I. & Spannagel, J. (2023). University autonomy decline: causes, responses, and implications for academic freedom. Taylor & Francis
Olorunsola, E. O. (2018). Erosion of autonomy: The pitfall of educational management in Nigerian universities. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 10(4), 33–38
Olsson, E. J. (2023). Academic freedom and the decolonisation of knowledge: curriculum transformation in South Africa from a UNESCO perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 48(8), 1172-1182. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2186389
Paphitis, S.A. & Kelland, L. (2016). The University as a site for transformation: Developing civic-minded graduates at South African institutions through an epistemic shift in institutional culture. Education as Change, 20(2), 184-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1947-9417/2016/906
Petersen, F. (2023). Academic freedom and institutional autonomy must not be used to cover up poor governance and lack of accountability at our universities. Opinion article press release, University of the Free State.
Pityana, N. B. (2010). The university vice‐chancellor and academic freedom roundtable on academic freedom held at Rhodes University from 17 – 19 February 2010.
Rayevnyeva, O., Aksonova, I. & Ostapenko, V. (2018). Assessment of institutional autonomy of higher education institutions: methodical approach. Knowledge and Performance Management, 2(1), 72-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/kpm.02(1).2018.07
Roberts, L. K., Saliba, I., & Spannagel, J. (2023). University autonomy and academic freedom in decline: Causes, responses, and implications for academic freedom. Routledge, London, 9-29.
Robinson, G., & Moulton, J. (2002) Encyclopaedia of Ethics, 2nd Edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003306481-3
Rónay, Z., & Niemczyk, E. (2022). Institutional autonomy and academic freedom in the light of national regulatory frameworks: Glance at Hungary and South Africa. In: Towards the Next Epoch of Education (pp.209-215). Bulgarian Comparative Education Society.
Saidi, A. (2023). Reflections on the conceptualisation and practices of community engagement as a core function of universities. South African Journal of Higher Education, 27(1), 1-19. https://dx.doi.org/10.20853/37-1-5700
Spannagel, J., Kinzelbach, K. & Saliba, I. (2020). The academic freedom index and other new indicators relating to academic space: An introduction. V-Dem Users Working Paper Series, 26, https://www.v-dem.net/media/publications/users_working_paper_26.pdf.
Swartz, R., Ivancheva, M., Czerniewicz, L. & Morris, N.P. (2019). Between a rock and a hard place: dilemmas regarding the purpose of public universities in South Africa. Higher Education, 77, 567-583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0291-9
Taye, M.T. & Alduais, A. (2022). Exploring the practice of academic freedom and active learning in Ethiopia’s higher education: A case study. Athens Journal of Education, 9(4), 665-678. http://doi.org/10.30958/aje.9-4-7
Yerande, V. L. (2018). Autonomy in higher education from affiliation to self-governing management: An Indian perspective. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4, 758-772.
Vlasova, I. (2018). Autonomy of higher education institutions: analysis of the key European and International documents. International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, (5), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2018-5-1-62-71
Zavale, N. C. (2022). Academic freedom in Mozambique. In: University Autonomy Decline (First ed., pp. 92-118). Routledge.
Flip Schutte. Corresponding author. A professor at Stadio Higher Education, South Africa, where he is the research dean and head of the Institute for Postgraduate Studies. He is responsible for the doctoral programme, internationalisation and community engagement. He currently specialises in research methodology. His other interests are entrepreneurship, coaching and mentoring, and institutional research in higher education. Email: flips@stadio.ac.za
Emetia Swart. A postgraduate research program manager at Regenesys Business School, South Africa. She currently specialises in educational management more specifically higher education in South Africa research. She also strives to be a scholar in other Marketing and Management related fields.
Cite this article:
Schutte, F. & Swart, E. (2024). From ivory tower to fishbowl: Towards restoring academic freedom and institutional autonomy in public higher education in South Africa. International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, 5(4), 124-147. https://doi.org/10.53378/ijair.353122
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International License.