In tropical regions like the Philippines, drought susceptibility is caused by high evaporation rates and poor soil water retention. To deal with this, soil amendments are crucial, enhancing soil properties to aid plant growth. In this study, LeaFiNa, a compost soil amendment composed of Kakawate leaves (KL), fishbone meal (FB), and Saba banana peels (BP) was introduced, aiming to boost soil water holding capacity (SWHC) of loam. Different LeaFiNa ratios were tested, including 3KL:1FB:2BP, 6KL:4FB:1BP, and 3KL:8FB:1BP, alongside vermicast and commercial soil amendment (neem cake) as positive controls, and plain loam soil as the negative control. Percolation method and pressure plate extraction was performed. One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference among the experimental treatments (α=0.05) in which 6KL:4FB:1BP ratio emerged with the highest SWHC of 49.60%. Meanwhile, Tukey's HSD test revealed no significant difference between 6KL:4FB:1BP and vermicast, yet a significant difference with the negative control. Moreover, the experimental treatments, particulalry the 6KL:4FB:1BP, also exhibited ideal results on other SWHC parameters such as the soil moisture content at saturation and wilting points, and in terms of gravitational water and plant available water. These findings suggest the LeaFiNa's potential in alleviating drought stress in tropical soils by enhancing water retention, offering promising outcomes for sustaining agricultural productivity in water-scarce regions.
soil water holding capacity, loam soil, compost soil amendment, Kakawate leaves, fishbone meal, Saba banana peels
Erica Liezl P. Guevarra. San Pablo City Science Integrated High School
Cassandra Julian L. Gatchalian. San Pablo City Science Integrated High School
Brent Sebastian M. Bueno. San Pablo City Science Integrated High School
Dwane Lloyd K. Garcia. San Pablo City Science Integrated High School
ranz Kevin B. Manalo. Corresponding author. Master Teacher I, San Pablo City Science Integrated High School
Ahluwalia, O., Singh, P., & Bhatia, R. (2021). A review on drought stress in plants: Implications, mitigation and the role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Resources, Environment and Sustainability, 5, 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resenv.2021.100032
Atkinson, C. (2018). How good is the evidence that soil-applied biochar improves water-holding capacity? Soil Use and Management, 34(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12413
Baloch, P. A., Abro, B. A., Chandio, A. S., Depar, N., & Ansari, M. A. (2015). Growth and yield response of maize to integrated use of Gliricidia sepium, farm manure and NPK fertilizers. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering and Veterinary Sciences, 31(1), 14–23. https://pjaaevs.sau.edu.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/129
Chaves, L. H. G., Guerra, H. O. C., Campos, V. B., Pereira, W. E., & Ribeiro, P. H. P. (2014). Biometry and water consumption of sunflower as affected by NPK fertilizer and available soil water content under Semiarid Brazilian conditions. Agricultural Sciences, 05(08), 668–676. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2014.58070
Cianfrani, C., Buri, A., Vittoz, P., Grand, S., Zingg, B., Verrecchia, É. P., & Guisan, A. (2019). Spatial modelling of soil water holding capacity improves models of plant distributions in mountain landscapes. Plant and Soil, 438(1–2), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04016-x
Delina, L. L., Ludovice, N. P. P., Gaviola, J., & Cagoco-Guiam, R. (2023). Living with climate and state fragility in a “chaotic paradise:” securitizing livelihoods in the Philippines’ Cotabato River Basin. Climate Risk Management, 42, 100558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2023.100558
Elkheir, H. A., Yunus, M., & Muslimin, M. (2016). Duration of soil water content between field capacity and wilting point and its effect on growth of some aerobic rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.). International Journal of Agriculture System, 4(1), 36-45.
Estefan, G., Sommer, R. and Ryan, J. (2013). Methods of soil, plant, and water analysis: A manual for the West Asia and North Africa region, Third Edition. International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA).
Fahad, S., Bajwa, A. A., Nazir, U., Anjum, S. A., Farooq, A., Zohaib, A., Sadia, S., Nasim, W., Adkins, S., Saud, S., Ihsan, M. Z., Alharby, H., Wu, C., Wang, D., & Huang, J. (2017). Crop production under drought and heat stress: Plant responses and management options. Frontiers in Plant Science, Plant Abiotic Stress. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01147
Fu, H., An, S., Liu, L., Li, M., Wang, Y., & Yang, L. (2023). Simultaneous enhancement of soil properties along with water-holding and restriction of Pb–Cd mobility in a soil-plant system by the addition of a phosphorus-modified biochar to the soil. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118827
Gavrilescu, M. (2021). Water, soil, and plants interactions in a threatened environment. Water, 13(19), 2746.
Giacometti, C., Demyan, M. S., Cavani, L., Marzadori, C., Ciavatta, C., & Kandeler, E. (2013). Chemical and microbiological soil quality indicators and their potential to differentiate fertilization regimes in temperate agroecosystems. Applied Soil Ecology, 64, 32–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.10.002
Govindasamy, P., Mahawer, S. K., Mowrer, J., Bagavathiannan, M., Prasad, M., Ramakrishnan, S., Halli, H. M., Kumar, S., & Chandra, A. (2022). Comparison of low-cost methods for soil water holding capacity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 54(2), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2022.2112216
Haruna, S. I., & Nkongolo, N. V. (2013). Variability of soil physical properties in a clay-loam soil and its implication on soil management practices. ISRN Soil Science (Online), 2013, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/418586
Hiền, T. T. T., Tsubota, T., Taniguchi, T., & Shinogi, Y. (2020). Enhancing soil water holding capacity and provision of a potassium source via optimization of the pyrolysis of bamboo biochar. Biochar (Online), 3(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-020-00071-1
Indoria, A., Sharma, K. L., & Reddy, K. S. (2020). Hydraulic properties of soil under warming climate. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 473–508). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818032-7.00018-7
Islam, M., Halder, M., Siddique, M. A., Razir, S. A. A., Sikder, S., & Joardar, J. C. (2019). Banana peel biochar as an alternative source of potassium for plant productivity and sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 8, 407-413.
Islam, M. R., Wang, Q., Guo, Y., Wang, W., Sharmin, S., & Ebere Enyoh, C. (2023). Physico-Chemical characterization of food wastes for potential soil application. Processes, 11(1), 250.
Josa, R., Gorchs, G., Gisbert, M. G., & Solé‐Benet, A. (2013). Influence of tillage on soil macropore size, shape of top layer and crop development in a sub-humid environment. Biologia, 68(6), 1099–1103. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-013-0250-y
Labajo, J. R. N., & Pabiona, M. G. (2022). Physical and chemical properties of soil on selected sugarcane farms in Mt. Nebo, Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines. Asian Journal of Agriculture, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.13057/asianjagric/g060204
Lee, E., & Kim, S. (2019). Seasonal and spatial characterization of soil moisture and soil water tension in a steep hillslope. Journal of Hydrology, 568, 676–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.11.027
Leigh, R. A., & Jones, R. G. W. (1984). A hypothesis relating critical potassium concentrations for growth to the distribution and functions of this ion in the plant cell. New Phytologist (Print), 97(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb04103.x
Li, L., Zhang, Y.-J., Novak, A., Yang, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). Role of biochar in improving sandy soil water retention and resilience to drought. Water, 13(4), 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13040407
Libohova, Z., Seybold, C., Wysocki, D., Wills, S., Schoeneberger, P., Williams, C., Lindbo, D., Stott, D., & Owens, P. R. (2018). Reevaluating the effects of soil organic matter and other properties on available water-holding capacity using the National Cooperative Soil Survey Characterization Database. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 73(4), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.2489/jswc.73.4.411
Liu, C., Wang, H., Tang, X., Guan, Z., Reid, B. J., Rajapaksha, A. U., Ok, Y. S., & Sun, H. (2015). Biochar increased water holding capacity but accelerated organic carbon leaching from a sloping farmland soil in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23(2), 995–1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4885-9
Miller, R.W. & Gardiner, D.T. (1998). Soils in our environment. Prentice Hall. 8th edition. ISBN 0136108822.
Minasny, B., & McBratney, A. B. (2017). Limited effect of organic matter on soil available water capacity. European Journal of Soil Science, 69(1), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12475
Munkholm, L. J., Heck, R. J., & Deen, B. (2012). Soil pore characteristics assessed from X-ray micro-CT derived images and correlations to soil friability. Geoderma (Amsterdam), 181–182, 22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.024
Møldrup, P., Deepagoda, T. C., Hamamoto, S., Komatsu, T., Kawamoto, K., Rolston, D. E., & De Jonge, L. W. (2013). Structure‐dependent water‐induced linear reduction model for predicting gas diffusivity and tortuosity in repacked and intact soil. Vadose Zone Journal, 12(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2013.01.0026
Ohagan, J., Harnaiz, L. L., Nagal, C. J., Taylaran, R., & Gonzaga, A., Jr. (2023). Productivity of ‘Saba’ banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) as influenced by different levels of NPK fertilizer under Jasaan Soil Series. In Mindanao Journal of Science and Technology, 21(1). https://mjst.ustp.edu.ph/index.php/mjst/article/view/1516
Olorunfemi, I., Fasinmirin, J., & Ojo, A. (2016). Modeling cation exchange capacity and soil water holding capacity from basic soil properties. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 5(4), 266. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.4.266-274\
Oni, T. O., Edward, D. C., Iloh, O. V., & Dokubo, C. (2022). determination of microbial and physicochemical properties of compost manure made from plant and animal materials in Ogwashi-Uku. IPS Interdisciplinary Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(2), 22–24. https://doi.org/10.54117/iijbs.v1i2.6
Palansooriya, K. N., Shaheen, S. M., Chen, S. S., Tsang, D. C., Hashimoto, Y., Hou, D., Bolan, N., Rinklebe, J., & Ok, Y. S. (2020). Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review. Environment International, 134, 105046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105046
Parreño-de Guzman, L. E., Zamora, O. B., & Bernardo, D. F. H. (2015). Diversified and integrated farming systems (DIFS): Philippine experiences for improved livelihood and nutrition. Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture, 10(1), 19-33.
Pitch, B. N. P. (2020). Adding biochar to the composting process: effect of the resulting amendment in agricultural soils. http://hdl.handle.net/2445/179114
Ramadhani, S. F., Iswanto, B., & Purwaningrum, P. (2018). Waste utilization of red snapper (Lutjanus sp.) fish bone to improve phosphorus contents in compost. IOP Conference Series, 106, 012091. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/106/1/012091
Schoonover, J. E., & Crim, J. F. (2015). An introduction to soil concepts and the role of soils in watershed management. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 154(1), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2015.03186.x
Srinivasa Rao, Ch., Venkateswarlu, B., Dinesh Babu, M., Wani, S.P, Dixit, S, Sahrawat, K.L. and Sumanta Kundu (2011). Soil health improvement with Gliricidia green leaf manuring in rainfed agriculture, on farm experiences. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture.
Stocker, B.D., Tumber-Dávila, S.J., Konings, A.G. et al. Global patterns of water storage in the rooting zones of vegetation. Nat. Geosci. 16, 250–256 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01125-2
Suleiman, R., Jimoh, I.A., & Aliyu, J. (2017). Assessment of soil physical and chemical properties under vegetable cultivation in Abuja Metropolitan Area, Nigeria. Zaria Geogr., 24 (1), 89-99.
Sun, J., Li, W., Li, C., Chang, W., Zhang, S., Zeng, Y., Zeng, C., & Peng, M. (2020). Effect of different rates of nitrogen fertilization on crop yield, soil properties and leaf physiological attributes in banana under subtropical regions of China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.613760
Villegas-Pangga, G., & Cedillo, N. O. (2021). Fertilizer value of compost and densified fertilizers made from swine and poultry manures on crops and chemical properties of clay soil. Journal Article. 938. https://www.ukdr.uplb.edu.ph/journal-articles/938
Vittum, P. J. (2009). Soil Habitats. In Encyclopedia of Insects (2nd ed., pp. 935–939). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374144-8.00247-2
Wang, T., Liu, Y., Han, Y., & Xu, L. (2015). An experimental study on the mechanical properties of silty soils under repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 112, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.01.004
Wu, L., Jiang, Y., Zhao, F., He, X., Liu, H., & Yu, K. (2020). Increased organic fertilizer application and reduced chemical fertilizer application affect the soil properties and bacterial communities of grape rhizosphere soil. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 9568. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66648-9
Zaini, H. B. M., Sintang, M. D. B., & Pindi, W. (2020). The roles of banana peel powders to alter technological functionality, sensory and nutritional quality of chicken sausage. Food Science and Nutrition, 8(10), 5497–5507. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1847
Zhang, Y., Wang, K., Wang, J., Liu, C., & Shangguan, Z. (2021). Changes in soil water holding capacity and water availability following vegetation restoration on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88914-0
Zotarelli, L., Dukes, M. D., & Morgan, K. T. (2010). Interpretation of soil moisture content to determine soil field capacity and avoid over-irrigating sandy soils using soil moisture sensors. EDIS, 2010(2). https://doi.org/10.32473/edis-ae460-2010
Cite this article:
Guevarra, E.L.P, Gatchalian, C.J.L., Bueno, B.S.M., Garcia, D.L.K & Manalo, F.K.B (2024). Leafina: Potency of kakawate leaves, fishbone meal and saba banana peel compost soil amendment to the water holding capacity of loam soil. International Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, 4(2), 51-76. https://doi.org/10.53378/353072
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International License.
