Abstract
This study determined parental involvement, life skills, struggles and their coping strategies in assisting primary pupils on their homeschooling during the pandemic. Descriptive-correlation research design was utilized in this study using mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation to determine the relationship between parents’ involvement, life skills, struggles, and coping strategies. There were 150 parents comprising half of the entire population of a public elementary school in the province. The results showed strong parental involvement in the homeschooling of the pupils with decision-making as the essential life skill necessary to assist their children. Moreover, learning outcomes came out to be the most struggled factor. To address the issues, parent’s coping strategies include maintaining good communication with society, family and self. The findings also revealed positive significant relationship between parental involvement, life skills, and struggles of remote learning with their coping strategies. This study suggests that building a positive atmosphere in education requires uniting the work at home and school. Listening and showing care about their point of view, involving them in decision making, and alternative solutions to problems can help assess parents that concern children. With these results, it was highly recommended for the school administrators to provide a support system between the school community and parents. Parents should be informed about the progress of their children through one-to-one, conferences, online or face-to-face meetings and instill in them how they address family issues that affect children’s behavior in school.
Keywords: Coping Strategies, Essential Life Skills, Parental Involvement, Remote Learning
References
Barrot, J.S., Llenares I.I., & del Rosario, L.S. (2021). Students’ online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Educ Inf Technol 26, 7321–7338 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
Bartolome, M. T., Mamat, N., & Masnan, A. H. (2017). Parental involvement in the Philippines: A review of literatures. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 6, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol6.5.2017
Bhamani, S., Makhdoom, A.Z., Bharuchi, V., Ali, N., Kaleem, S. & Ahmed, D. (2020). Home Learning in Times of COVID: Experiences of Parents. Journal of Education and Educational Development 7(1), 09- 26, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i1.3260
Brown, M., McNamara, G., O’Brien, S., Skerritt, C., O’Hara, J., Faddar, J., Cinqir, S., Vanhoof, J., Figueiredo, M. & Kurum, G. (2020). Parent and student voice in evaluation and planning in schools. Improving Schools 2020. Vol. 23 (1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480219895167
Chen, P., Lee, C., Lin, H., & Zhang, C. (2016). Factors that develop effective Professional learning communities in Taiwan. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(2), 248-265. doi:10.1080/02188791.2016.1148853
Etor, C., Ekanem, E. & Mbon, U. (2013). Primary Education as a Foundation for Qualitative Higher Education in Nigeria. Journal of Education and Learning, Vol. 2, No. 2 (2013). doi:10.5539/jel.v2n2p155
Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N. & Cook, P. (2020). COVID-19and Remote Learning: Experiences of Parents with Children during the Pandemic. American Journal of Qualitative Research December 2020, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 45-65. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/8471
Goksoy, S. (2016). Analysis of the relationship between shared leadership and distributed leadership. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 65, 295-312. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.65.17
Hamlin & Flessa (2018). Parental Involvement Initiatives: An Analysis. Educational Policy, 32(5), 697–727. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904816673739
Hapsari, S. M., Sugito, & Fauziah P. Y. (2020). Parent’s Involvement in Early Childhood Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic Period. Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif, 10(2), 298-311. doi: 10.23960/ jpp.v10.i2.202014.
Jhang, F. & Lee, Y. (2018). The role of parental involvement in academic achievement trajectories of elementary school children with Southeast Asian and Taiwanese mothers, International Journal of Educational Research, Volume 89, 2018, Pages 68-79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.09.003.
Kintu, M.J., Zhu, C., & Kagambe, E. (2017). Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4
Klasmeier, K.N., & Rowold, J. (2020). A multilevel investigation of predictors and outcomes of shared leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2020;41:915–930 https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2477
Krol, S. A., & Bartz, J. A. (2021). The self and empathy: Lacking a clear and stable sense of self undermines empathy and helping behavior. Emotion. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000943
Lase, D., Zaluchu, S.E., Daeli, D.O. & Ndraha, A. (2019). Parents’ Perceptions of Distance Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic in Rural Indonesia. doi: 10.35542/osf.io/hfza7
Meşe, E. & Sevilen, Ç. (2021). Factors influencing EFL students’ motivation in online learning: A qualitative case study. Journal of Educational Technology & Online Learning, 4(1), 11-22. http://doi.org/10.31681/ jetol.817680
Olivo, M.G. (2021). Parents’ Perception on Printed Modular Distance Learning in Canarem Elementary School: Basis for Proposed Action Plan. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 2021 Vol.2, No. 4, 296-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.04.03
Osorio, F. B., Gertler, P., Nakajima, N. & Patrinos, H. A. (2021). Promoting Parental Involvement in Schools: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE). https://doi.org/10.35489/BSG-RISE-WP_2021/060
Ribeiro, L. M., Cuncha, R. S., Silva, M. C. A., Carvalho, M. & Vital, M. L. (2021). Parental Involvement during Pandemic Times: Challenges and Opportunities. Education Sciences 2021 Vol. 11, Article 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060302
Sakamoto, J. (2020). The Association Between Parent Participation in School Management and Student Achievement in Eight Countries and Economies. International Education Studies; Vol. 14, No. 1; 2021. doi:10.5539/ies.v14n1p115
Salin, M., Kaittila, A. Hakovirta, M. A, . Mari. (2020). Family Coping Strategies During Finland’s COVID-19 Lockdown. Sustainability. 2020; 12(21):9133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219133
Sari, D. K.. Maningtyas, R. (2020). Parents’ Involvement in Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the 2nd Early Childhood and Primary Childhood Education (ECPE 2020). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201112.018
Shokoohi-Yekta, M. & Malayeri, S. A. (2015). Effects of Advanced Parenting Training on Children’s Behavioral Problems and Family Problem Solving. Procedia – Social AND Behavioral Sciences 205. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.106
Soni, V. D. (2020), Management Information Systems: Mastering The Discreet Planning. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology. Volume 8 Issue VI June 2020. http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.6258
Tekin, A. K. (2019). Parent Involvement in the Education of Children with Chronic Diseases: Working and Sharing for Children. Early Childhood Development: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. DOI:10.4018/978-1-5225-7507-8.ch056
Turhan, M. & Erol, Y. C., (2018). The Relationship between Distributed Leadership and Family Involvement from Parents’ Perspective (2011) Digest Journal. 18(3) pp 525–540
Triwardhani, I. J., & Chaerowati, D. L. (2019). Interpersonal Communication Among Parents and Children in Fishermen Village in Cirebon Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication Jilid 35. ttps://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2019-350217
Wang G., Zhang Y., & Jiang F., (2020). Mitigate the Effect of Home Confinement of Children During the COVID-19 Outbreak. Correspondence, Volume 395, Issue 10228, P945-947, March 21, 2020. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X
Yanghee Anna Kim, Sohyun An, Hyun Chu Leah Kim & Jihye Kim (2018) Meaning of parental involvement among Korean immigrant parents: A mixed-methods approach, The Journal of Educational Research, 111:2, 127-138, DOI: 10.1080/00220671.2016.1220355
Yurdugül, H.& Menzi Çetin, N. (2015). Investigation of the relationship between learning process and learning outcomes in e-learning environments. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 59, 57-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2015.59.4
Zaccoletti, S., Camacho, A., Correia, N., Aguiar, C., Mason, L., Alves, R.A. & Daniel, J.R., (2020). Parents’ Perceptions of Student Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Country Comparison. Frontiers on Psychology Vol. 11, 592670. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.592670
Zhang, Y., (2020). Quality Matters More than Quantity: Parent-Child Communication and Adolescents’ Academic Performance. Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 11 Article 1203 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01203
