The Philippines, located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, frequently experiences earthquakes that can trap people under collapsed buildings. Rescuers often face difficulties reaching survivors quickly and safely. While existing search and rescue (SAR) robots provide assistance, many are too large for confined spaces, lack real-time detection capabilities, or are too expensive. This study aims to develop an affordable and compact robot capable of detecting human presence and monitoring vital signs in post-earthquake environments. CRAWL is a multifunctional robot equipped with an ESP32-CAM for real-time video streaming and a C1001 mmWave sensor for respiration and heart rate detection, and is controlled via a mobile application. Tests demonstrated Wi-Fi connectivity of up to 20.2 meters, human detection of up to 10.95 meters, and vital sign monitoring of up to 1.4 meters, with accurate readings within 0.6 meters and clear video transmission up to 20 meters. Navigation across simulated debris was consistent, suggesting that the differences in traversal time were not statistically significant (p = 0.0637 > 0.05) and the robot’s performance remained steady. With a speed of 0.1 m/s and a battery life of approximately 1.57 hours. The findings highlight CRAWL’s potential as a compact, reliable, and cost-effective tool for enhancing disaster response and reducing human risk in post-earthquake search and rescue operations.
Keywords
search and rescue robot, earthquake response, human detection, vital sign monitoring, mmWave sensor, ESP32-CAM
Author information
Cristelle E. Abaño. With High Honors, Editor-in-Chief of The Radicals Publication, CSJDMNSHS, cristelleabano15@gmail.com
Cyrene Samaria D. Bautista. With Highest Honors, President of CYNTRAS-CSTEM (Science) Club, CSJDMNSHS, bautistacyrenesamaria@gmail.com
Russel Eanna D. Tedra. With High Honors, President of Creative Teams Club CSJDMNSHS, russeleannatedra@gmail.com
Notes
This paper is presented in the 3rd International Student Research Congress (ISRC) 2026.