This study employed a descriptive research method to explore the characteristics of resonant leadership and instructional supervision of school heads in the schools of the San Pablo City Division. Utilizing a researcher-made survey questionnaire with a Cronbach alpha of 0.87, data were gathered from randomly sampled school heads and teachers across seven districts and three clusters with a total participant of eighty-two school heads and three hundred twenty-four teachers. The study focused on self-assessment of resonant leadership traits and the level of instructional supervision by school heads. Findings revealed that school heads rated themselves highly in resonant leadership traits such as vision, compassion, positive mood, and altruism. Teachers also rated their school heads positively, though slightly lower than the self-assessments. No significant differences were found in resonant leadership based on demographic variables except for educational attainment, where higher qualifications were linked to stronger leadership traits. Both school heads and teachers rated the principals' instructional supervision very highly across various domains. A strong positive correlation was identified between resonant leadership characteristics and effective instructional supervision. The study proposed a targeted training program to enhance these leadership qualities and improve instructional supervision practices.
instructional supervision, resonant leadership, educational attainment, school culture, San Pablo City
Theresa B. Kamatoy. Doctor of Education San Pablo Colleges, Master of Arts in Education Laguna State Polytechnic University. San Crispin Elementary School. Principal II. Email: theresakamatoy@gmail.com
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
This work was not supported by any funding.
The author declares the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in writing this paper. In particular, the author used ChatGPT in finding literature and other materials. The author takes full responsibility in ensuring that research idea, analysis and interpretations are original work.
This paper is presented in the 2nd International Conference on Management, Education & Innovation (ICMEI) 2025
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Cite this article:
Kamatoy, T.B. (2025). Resonant leadership characteristics and instructional supervision of school heads: Basis for a proposed training design. Management, Education & Innovation Review, 2(1), 198-210. https://doi.org/10.53378/meir.158
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