This study examined the implementation of Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) in the 11 Elementary Schools in Santiago District in the Philippines using the Gawad Kalasag criteria. It determined the problems encountered by the schools in the implementation of DRRM and assessed the areas of enabling environment, safe learning facilities, school disaster risk reduction management, and disaster risk reduction (DRR) in education. Complete enumeration was employed for the school heads and DRR coordinators while random sampling for teachers and pupils. The responses were analyzed using a four-point Likert scale weighted mean. The results found that the schools have fully implemented safe learning facilities and partially implemented enabling environment and school disaster risk reduction management criteria, with the lowest mean in the DRR in education criteria. Common problems encountered in the implementation of DRRM include creating policies, lack of personnel and budget, and lack of education and information. The study recommends development of DRR integration module, conduct of DRRM training, and budget allocation on DRR.
disaster risk reduction management, gawad kalasag, enabling environment, safe learning facilities, DRR in education
Cherlita P. Acierto. Corresponding author. Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management, School Principal II, Department of Education. Corresponding email: cherlita.acierto@deped.gov.ph
Jessie M. Robas. Bachelor in Elementary Education, Head Teacher II, Department of Education
Shanedree D. Monte. Bachelor in Elementary Education, Teacher I, Department of Education
Cabilao-Valencia, M.I., Mohammad Ali, Enok Maryani, Nana Supriatna (2018). Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction in the Curriculum of Philippine Educational Institution. Proceedings of the 3rd Asian Education Symposium (AES 2018). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 10.2991/aes-18.2019.104
Carmil D. & Breznitz S. (1991) Personal trauma and world view: are extremely stressful experiences related to political attitudes, religious beliefs, and future orientation. J Trauma Stress 4:393–405
Catedral Mamon MA, Vargas Suba RA, Son IL (2017). Disaster risk reduction knowledge of Grade 11 students: Impact of senior high school disaster education in the Philippines. Int J Health Syst Disaster Manage 2017;5:69-74
Cayamanda, K.G. & Paunlagui, M.M. (2022). Community-based Risk Communication Management. Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/12.22.003
Cayamanda, K.G. (2020). Exploring a Social Vulnerability Model for Disaster Studies: The Case of the 2011 Flashflood in Davao City, Southern Philippines. International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies. Volume 1 Issue 1, pp. 43 – 75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/346006
Cayamanda, K.G., Paunlagui, M.M., Baconguis, R.D.T. & Quimbo, M.T. (2021). Vulnerability Profile and Risk Perception towards an Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction for the Flood Vulnerable Communities of Davao City. International Review of Social Sciences Research, Volume 1, Issue 1, pp. 25- 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/346474
Clarke Guarnizo, C. (1992). Living with hazards. communities’ adjustment mechanisms in developing countries. In A. Kreimer & M. Munasinghe (Eds.). Environmental Policy and Research Division Environment Department, The World Bank.
Cubillas AU, Aviles GM & Cubillas TE (2022). Awareness, compliance and implementation of disaster risk reduction and management in flood-prone public elementary schools in Butuan city, Philippines. International Journal of Educational Policy Research and Review 9(4):156-171. https://doi.org/10.15739/IJEPRR.22.017
Cubillas, A.U. (2018). The implementation of the school disaster risk reduction and management program components of the disaster elementary schools. International Journal of Current Research 10, (11), 75309-75314
Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual (2008). Safer Schools Resource Manual. Department of Education (DepED) Philippines
DO 21, s. 2015. Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Coordination and Information Management Protocol
DO 23, s. 2015. Student-Led School Watching & Hazard Mapping
DO 27, s. 2015. Promoting Family Earthquake Preparedness
DO 37, s. 2015. The Comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) in Basic Education Framework
DO 50, s. 2011. Creation of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (DRRMO)
Domingo Dela Cruz, R., & Ormilla, R. C. G. (2022). Disaster Risk Reduction Management Implementation in the Public Elementary Schools of the Department of Education, Philippines. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management, 4(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18485/ijdrm.2022.4.2.1
Donner, W., &Rodriguez, H. (2011). Disaster risk and vulnerability: the role and impact of population and society. Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved November 28, 2016, from http://www.prb.org/Publications/Articles/2011/disaster-risk.aspx
Ecolin-Campilla, M. (2017). Disaster Risk Reduction Management Practices Of School Managers. Asia Pacific Journal of Contemporary Education and Communication Technology (APJCECT). Volume: 3, Issue: 1
Elena A. Eugenio, E.A., Lilibeth A. Acosta, L.A., Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog, D.B., Paula Beatrice M. Macandog, P.M., Elaine Kuan-Hui Lin, E.K., Jemimah Mae A. Eugenio, J.A. and Jessie B. Manuta, J.B. (2016). Adaptive capacity of Philippine communities vulnerable to flash floods and landslides: assessing loss and damage from typhoon Bopha in Eastern Mindanao. International Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp 279-314. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSD.2016.078290
Fischer, R. J., Halibozek, E. P., & Walters, D. C. (2019). Contingency Planning Emergency Response and Safety. Introduction to Security, 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805310-2.00011-1
Fletcher, SM, Thiessen, J, Gero, A, Rumsey, M. & Kuruppu, N. (2013). Traditional Coping Strategies and Disaster Response: Examples from the South Pacific Region. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, Vol. 2013: 264503. DOI:10.1155/2013/264503
Ismail-Zadeh, A. (2022). Natural hazards and climate change are not drivers of disasters. Nat Hazards 111, 2147–2154 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05100-1
Lacoe, J. (2020). Too Scared to Learn? The Academic Consequences of Feeling Unsafe in the Classroom. Urban Education, 55(10), 1385–1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085916674059
Lal, P.N., Singh, R. & Holland, P. (2009). Relationship Between Natural Disasters And Poverty: A Fiji Case Study. SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 678
Lapada, A. (2022). Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge Among Filipino Senior High School Students. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 2(1), 56–73. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v2i1.27
Mahlapahlapana T. & Osher, D. (2014). Schools as Enabling Environments. South African Journal of Education. Vol. 34, No. 4.
Manyena, B. Siambabala (2013). Disaster event: window of opportunity to implement global disaster policies. Journal of Disaster Risk Studies vol. 5, s. 2013
Martinez, S., Placino, P., & Philippines Geographic Society. (2015). WHAT TO MAP: Integrating Geographic Information into Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Social Studies Corner. Retrieved November 28, 2016
NDRRMC Memorandum Circular no. 6, s.2012 dated May 16,2012 on the revised guidelines of Gawad KALASAG: Search for Excellence in Disaster Risk Regional Consultative Committee (RCC) on Disaster Management 2007.
Ozmen, F. (2006). “The level of preparedness of the schools for disasters from the aspect of the school principals”, Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610669873
Paton, Douglas (2003). Disaster preparedness: a social-cognitive perspective. Disaster Prevention and Management vol. 12, s. 2003 pp 210-216. DOI 10-1108/09653560310480686
Pearce, F. (2022). It’s Not Just Climate: Are We Ignoring Other Causes of Disasters? Yale Environment 360. Yale School of Environment
Republic Act (RA) No. 10121 entitled “Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010”
Roche, S., Propeck-Zimmermann, E., & Mericskay, B. (2011). GeoWeb and crisis management: Issues and perspectives of volunteered geographic information. GeoJournal, (78), 21-40. doi:10.1007/s10708-011-9423-9
Rodriguez, H., Wachtendorf, T., Kendra, J. and Trainor, J. (2006), “A snapshot of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami: societal impacts and consequences”, Disaster Prevention and Management, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 163-177. https://doi.org/10.1108/09653560610654310
Ronquillo, R.B. (2020). Teachers’ Preparedness on Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Measures among Public Senior High Schools in the Division of Batangas City. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology. Volume 5, Issue 12, December – 2020
Rostami-Moez, M., Rabiee-Yeganeh, M., Shokouhi, M. et al. Earthquake preparedness of households and its predictors based on health belief model. BMC Public Health 20, 646 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08814-2
Tizon, R.T. & Comighud, S. T. (2020). Implementation of the Public Schools’ Disaster Risk Reduction Management Program and Level of Capabilities to Respond. UBT International Conference. 1.
Torani, S., Majd, P. M., Maroufi, S. S., Dowlati, M., & Sheikhi, R. A. (2019). The importance of education on disasters and emergencies: A review article. Journal of education and health promotion, 8, 85. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_262_18
Varela RP, Apdohan AG, & Balanay RM (2022). Climate resilient agriculture and enhancing food production: Field experience from Agusan del Norte, Caraga Region, Philippines. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 6:974789. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.974789
Walker, L. et al. (2016). Psychosocial Environment. Collaborative on Health and Environment 2016.
World Bank (2021). Metadata Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP).
WWF-Philippines (n.d.). Business Risk Assessment and The Management Of Climate Change Impacts.
Young JE, Williamson MI, & Egan TG (2015). Students’ reflections on the relationships between safe learning environments, learning challenge and positive experiences of learning in a simulated GP clinic. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. Mar;21(1):63-77. doi: 10.1007/s10459-015-9611-3.
Cite this article:
Acierto, C.P., Robas, J.M. & Monte, S.D. (2023). Extent of disaster risk reduction management in selected elementary schools: Evidence from the Philippines. International Review of Social Sciences Research, 3 (2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.53378/352981
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International License.
