Extrajudicial killings and its effects on the socialization and self-acceptance of victim’s families
Jherwin P. Hermosa
Abstract
This research examined the extrajudicial killings (EJK) and its effects on the socialization and self-acceptance of the victim’s families. Using quantitative research with structured questionnaires and interviews as the main data gathering strategies, the primary data were collected from 60 purposively chosen residents of the three (3) selected barangays with high recorded cases of EJK. The findings showed no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their socialization. However, there was a significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and their self-acceptance. There is a significant relationship between socialization and the self-acceptance of the respondents; thus the null hypothesis was rejected. The results may infer that acceptance of the happenings within the society greatly influences interrelation, treatment of other people and the socialization with each other. This study may serve as a vantage point for the local government units (LGU) in their response and treatment of the family members' victims of EJK. This could be inputs to establishing a program to address the psychological needs of the people with such depressing experiences.
Keywords
extra-judicial killings, socialization, self-acceptance, human rights, drugs
Author information & Contribution
Jherwin P. Hermosa. Instructor I, Laguna State Polytechnic University- San Pablo City Campus
Disclosure statement
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
AI Declaration
Notes
Acknowledgement
References
Abdel-Khalekm, A. and El Nayal, M. (2015) . Satisfaction with Life among Young Adults in Four Arab Countries. Sage Journal.
Abinales, P. (2000). Making Mindanao: Cotabato and Davao in the Formation of the Philippine Nation State. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Abinales, P., and Amoroso, D. (2017.) State and Society in the Philippines. (2nd Ed.). Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Acemoglu, D., and Robinson, J. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. Crown Publishing Group.
Agnello, A. (2017). Extrajudicial Killings and Human Rights Education in the Philippines. International Human Rights Internships Program – Working Paper Series, Volume 5 No 6
Ali, J., and Zanab, T.S. (2017). Death Squads in the Philippines: Duterte’s War on Drugs. Outsider.
Almendral, A. (2017). The General Running Duterte’s Antidrug War. The New York Times.
Altunbaş, G. (2014). Psycho-education program on the use of university students’ cognitive emotion regulation strategy and its effect on cognition perfectionists. (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Gazi University, Education Sciences Institute.
Amnesty International (2019). ‘They Just Kill’ Ongoing Extrajudicial Executions And Other Violations In The Philippines’ ‘War On Drugs. ASA 35/0578/2019
Amnesty International (2020). MY JOB IS TO KILL: On-going Human Rights Violations and Impunity in the Philippines. (1 September 2020). https://www.amnesty.org.ph/
Amnesty International, Philippines (2020). Quash conviction of Rappler journalists Maria Ressa and Rey Santos. Amnesty. Org. https://www.amnesty.org/
Amnesty International, Philippines. (2020). Journalists face jail as verdict expected in baseless trial,. Amnesty. Org. https://www.amnesty.org/
Arceo, A. (2016). Aquino’s Human Rights Record a ‘Failure. Watchdog. http://www.rappler com/nation/120590-human-rights-watch-aquino-failure.
Baldwin, C. (2016). Police Rack Up Almost Perfectly Deadly Record in Philippine Drug War. https:// www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/philippines-duterte-police/
Barera, K. (2019). The Philippines’ War on Drugs (Read: The Poor): The Erosion of the Rule of Law and the Violation of Children’s Human Rights. IHRIP Working Paper Series 8:1
Baroni, D., Nerini, A., Matera, C., & Stefanile, C. (2016). Mindfulness and emotional distress: the mediating role of psychological well-being. Current Psychology. 37, 467-476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-016-9524-1
Barrera, D.J. (2017). Drug War Stories and the Philippine President. Asian Journal of Criminology.
Belur, J. (2010). Permission to Shoot: Police Use of Deadly Force in Democracies. Springer.
Boghani, P. (2019). What Happens to The Families Left Behind in Duterte’s Deadly Campaign against Drugs. Frontline https://www.pbs.org/
Boyle, P., & Carlos, E. (2017, September 22). On the frontline of Duterte’s ‘war on drugs’ – Philippine society, history, culture and the present political regime. https://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article42101
Brown, M. (2009). The Culture of Punishment: Prison, Society, and Spectacle. New York University Press.
Campbell, B., and Arthur, D. (2002). Death Squads in Global Perspective: Murder with Deniability. Palgrave Macmillan.
Campbell, C. (23 May 2016). Why the Philippines Elected ‘the Punisher’ as President. Time Magazine.
Carver, et.al. (2010). Optimism. Clinical Psychology Review.
Demick, B. (2016). Rodrigo Duterte’s Campaign of Terror in the Philippines. https://wwwnewyorker.com/news/news-desk/rodrigo-dutertes-campaign-of-terror-in-the-philippines.
Department of Interiror and Local Government (2016). DILG welcomes new Secretary Ismael “Mike” Sueno (05 July 2016). https://www.dilg.gov.ph/news/DILG-welcomes-new-Secretary-Ismael-Mike-Sueno/NC-2016-1095
Deva, S. (2013). Death Penalty in the ‘Rarest of Rare’ Cases: A Critique of Judicial Choice Making, Confronting Capital Punishment in Asia: Human Rights, Politics and Public Opinion. Oxford University Press.
Escueta, M. 2017. Extrajudicial killings as crime against humanity. Inquirer. from http:// Extrajudicial killings as crime against humanity Inquirer Opinion.htm
Estrada, M., Woodcock, A., Hernandez, P.R. & Schultz, P. (2011). Toward a Model of Social Influence That Explains Minority Student Integration into the Scientific Community. Journal of Educational Psychology. DOI: 10.1037/a0020743
Felipe, C. (2017). Tokhang to be applied vs illegal gambling. PhilStar. https://www.philstar.com/
Franco, J. (2016). The Philippines’ War on Drugs Is Really a War on the Poor. IPI Global Observatory.
Garland, D. (1990). Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory. University of Chicago Press.
Grusec, J. (2011). Socialization Processes in the Family: Social and Emotional Development. Annual Review of Psychology.
Houle, C., & Kenny, P. (2018). The Political and Economic Consequences of Populist Rule in Latin America, Government and Opposition. Asian Journal of Criminology.
Human Rights Watch (2017) License to Kill Philippine Police Killings in Duterte’s “War on Drugs”. Available online at https://www.hrw.org/
Human Rights Watch (2020). “Our Happy Family Is Gone” Impact of the “War on Drugs” on Children in the Philippines. https://www.hrw.org/report/2020/05/27/our-happy-family-gone/impact-war-drugs-children-philippines
Hunt, F. (2020). Documenting the Impact of Philippine drug policy, Project Tokhang, 1 July 2016. University of Queensland Press.
Johnson, D., & Fernquest, J. (2018). Governing through Killing: The War on Drugs in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 5(2), 359-390. doi:10.1017/als.2018.12
Kelman, H. C. 1958. “Compliance, Identification, and Internalization: Three Processes of Attitude Change,” Journal of Conflict Resolution (2:1), pp. 51-60.
Kubrin, C.E., Stucky, T. D., and Krohn, M.D. (2009). Researching Theories of Crime and Deviance. Oxford University Press.
Lopez, M. (27 July 2020). SONA 2020: Duterte offers detours on road to pandemic recovery. CNN Philippines. https://cnnphilippines.com/
Miller, L. (2016). The Myth of Mob Rule: Violent Crime and Democratic Politics. Oxford University Press.
Ranada, P. (2016). A Look at the State of Crime, Drugs in the Philippines. https://www.rappler.com/ nation/118004-crime-drugs-Philippines.
Reyes, D.A. (2016). The Spectacle of Violence in Duterte’s “War on Drugs”, in: Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35, 3, 111–137.
Saleem, S., and Saleem, T. (2017). Role of religiosity in psychological well-being among medical and non-medical students. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0341-5
Sioson, D. (2017). Amnesty Int’l: PH Drug War Reaches ‘New Depths Of Barbarity’ After 32 Killed In Single Day. Asian Journal. https://www.asianjournal.com/usa/amnesty-intl-ph-drug-war-reaches-new-depths-of-barbarity-after-32-killed-in-single-day/
Tomacruz, S. (28 July 2020). Quick point-by-point summary of Duterte’s SONA 2020, Rappler. https://rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/summary-duterte-sona-2020
Tomacruz, S. (10 March 2020). Duterte: It is my job to kill. Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/nation/duterte-says-job-to-kill
Willis, J. (2011). Theories in the Sociology of Education. Open Library Press Book.
Cite this article:
Hermosa, J. P. (2021). Extrajudicial killings and its effects on the socialization and self-acceptance of victim’s families. International Review of Social Sciences Research, 1(3), 46-61. https://doi.org/10.53378/348739
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International License.
Find this article in:
Most read articles
- Social media usage and the academic performance of Filipino junior high school students
- Exploring the factors influencing commuters’ satisfaction and the use of public utility buses in Quezon City, Philippines
- A narrative exploration of romantic experiences and ideal relationship standards among Filipino Gen Z
- Students’ exposure to social media and their radical involvement on the societal issues in the Philippines
- ChatGPT integration significantly boosts personalized learning outcomes: A Philippine study
- Tiktok made me book it: The impact of Tiktok on tourism destination selection of generation Z and millennials in Manila
- Senior high school students’ awareness and literacy on computer software applications
- Self-perception of ABM students towards their academic, social and emotional college preparedness
- Enhancing financial literacy among Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries
- Emotional intelligence and leadership efficacy of university student leaders