The aim of this study was to assess the level of reading comprehension skills among primary learners to identify their reading comprehension difficulties and propose a reading remediation program to help address the decline of the learners' reading performance. The study employed a descriptive-correlational method of research. Data were collected through individual interviews using researcher-made guide questions and the Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment (CRLA) administered to primary learners. Based on the results, it was found that the primary learners' reading abilities vary. Reading difficulties can be attributed into two factors: internal and external factors. Internal factors relate to the physical condition of learners, such as health status, which can affect their reading comprehension skills. External factors refer to social environmental factors with parents playing a crucial role in fostering the love for reading at home. Thus, learners with higher reading comprehension skills are less likely to encounter reading difficulties. To address this issue, a gradual remedial reading program was developed by the School Learning Action Cell. This program aimed to help struggling readers and employed upscale teaching techniques and strategies to introduce beginning reading. The study underscored the importance of addressing the factors in promoting reading abilities among primary learners and achieve better academic outcomes.
Reading Comprehension, reading difficulties; factors of reading difficulties; beginning reading level
This paper is presented in 4th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Industry and Academic Research (ICMIAR)
Akyol, H., Çakiroğlu, A., & Kuruyer, H. G. (2014). A Study On the Development of Reading Skills of the Students Having Difficulty in Reading: Enrichment Reading Program. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 6(2), 199-212.
Bender, W. N. (2012). Project-Based Learning: Differentiating Instruction for the 21st century, Corwin. http://www.sciepub.com/reference/152080
Carol Scheffner Hammer, Adele W. Miccio and David A. Wagstaft (2003). Language, Speed, and Hearing Services in Schools/Clinical Forum/1Jan2003. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Rockville, MD, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461 (2003/003)
Claessen, M., Dzidic, P., Boyes, M., Badcock, N., Nayton, M., & Leitao, S. (2020). Educators’ Perceptions Of The Impact Of Reading Difficulties For Young People. Australian Journal Of Learning Difficulties, 25, 51-64. https://Doi.Org/10.1080/19404158.2020.1734952
Curran, M. K. (2014). Examination of the teaching styles of nursing professional development specialists, part II: Correlational study on teaching styles and use of adult learning theory. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(8), 353-359.
Decena, A. J. (2021). A Survey On The Reading Difficulties Of K-12 Learners In Selected Tagalog-Speaking Provinces: Basis For Intervention. International Journal Of Arts, Sciences And Education, 1(2), 219-226
Greneliza D. Ditona, Dr. Felipa M. Rico. (2021). American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSS) 5(8), 86-94,2021. www.ajhssr.com
HE Rady, Shabana Kabeer, Mora T El-Nady (2016). American Journal of Nursing Science 596) 295-302,2016. http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajns
Index of/si-agnon-OoCities. Ibajay Map. http://www.oocities.org/si-agnon/
Jennifer Ramos Umali, (2013). Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Selected ACCS Students. https://studylib.net/doc/6918216/factors-affecting-the-reading-comprehension-of-selected-ACSS-students
Marczyk, G. R., DeMatteo, D., & Festinger, D. (2010). Essentials of research design and methodology (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional Design and Learning Theory. In Educational communications and Technology. University of Saskatchewan, scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q)
Michael L. Estremera, Geraldine L. Estremera (2017). Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Grade six pupils in the City Division of Sorsogon, Philippines as Basis for the Development of Instructional Material. https://apjeas.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/APJEAS-2018.5.3.09.pdf
Mitch Rakusin, Senior Education Research Analyst, RTI International, Janice Perez, Learning Resource Specialist, ABC+. Comprehensive Rapid Literacy Assessment [CIES Presentation] ISharED (2022). https://shared.rti.org/content/comprehensive-rapid-literacy-assessment-cies-presentation
National Ethics Advisory Committee. (2012). Ethical Guidelines for Observational Studies: Observational research, audits and related activities. Revised edition. Wellington: Ministry of Health.
NGT Mushonga, NP Kujinga, DT Chagwena, R Chituwu, G Nyabanga (2014) African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14(3), 2014. Volume 14 No.3 (2014) http://ajfand.net/AJFAND/copyrightstatement.html
Panerio, R.O. (2008). Reading Coomprehension Skills Of Gubat South Central School. Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis, Bicol University Campus
Philippine Star (2010). How Do Filipino Students Rate In Reading? https://philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2010/03/02/553720/how-do-filipino-students-rate-reading
Rohimah, S. (2021). Reading difficulties and factors affecting reading difficulties of students of grade 1 elementary school. LADU: Journal of Languages and Education, 1(5), 189-195. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362814184_Reading_difficulties_and-factors_affecting_reading_difficulties_of_grade1_elementary_school
Rossana Torres, Department of Education of the Philippines (2019). Factors Affecting the Reading of Intermediate Level Learners: Basis for an Intervention Program.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351451654_Factors_Affecting_the_Reading_of_Intermediate_Level_Learners_Basis_for_an_Intervention_Program
Tomas, M., Villaros, E. and Galman, S. (2021). The Perceived Challenges in Reading of Learners: Basis for School Reading Programs. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 9, 107-122. doi:10.4236/jss.2021.95009
Cite this article:
Jordan, A.V. & Tabernilla, M.M. (2023). Difficulties Affecting Reading Comprehension. Industry and Academic Research Review, 4 (1), 40-46.
License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) International License.
